A relative risk for malignant tumours outside the brain of 3.91 is reported in patients with NFA in comparison with the general population73. The absolute incidence in the general population is estimated at 0.45%. In acromegalic patients the risk is not increased in comparison with NFA patients73. However, no significant excess for cancer outside the brain is seen by others in pituitary patients in comparison with the general population69,74. The role of radiation therapy as risk factor is not yet clear and should be balanced with the probably already increased risk without radiation therapy.